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In these and other accounts, the press employed tropes of class distinction to garner sympathy for the Kings. The Lowell Sun, for example, wrote that “members of the wealthiest, most highly cultured and refined classes of the Flowery kingdom” had been denied landing and had been treated like “ordinary Chinese laundry[men].” Footnote 112 A Boston Globe editorial decried that “we subject [Chinese elites] to such harsh, annoying and even insulting conditions—generally classing them as mere coolies.” Utilizing the rhetoric of patrician Orientalism, the Globe championed China's “lettered class,” while expressing disdain for California's “Sand Lot” politics and condemning Boston immigration officials who “do not understand much about China.” Footnote 113 Similarly, New York's Sun emphasized that “these students are of a wealthy and cultivated family” and lambasted the “stupidity” of immigration officials in conflating them with the threat of Chinese cheap labor. Footnote 114 The Christian Work and The Evangelist condemned the manner in which the Kings, “dressed as Europeans, well-educated as befits members of one of the best families in China,” were “set apart like so many wild animals.” Footnote 115 The Chicago Daily Tribune denounced the detention of “first cabin passengers on one of the Cunard steamships, costumed as Europeans and well dressed, highly educated, and manifestly belonging to the upper classes at home…. It was obvious that they were of gentle birth and breeding.” Footnote 116 These accounts uniformly employed class markers to distinguish the Kings from “ordinary laundry men,” laborers, and criminals, emphasizing their symbolic capital in the form of gentility, refinement, wealth, and education. Such notional socioeconomic distinction enabled the papers to effectively sidestep the race issue and condemn the King incident without denouncing exclusion wholesale. At the same time, these accounts also suggest the manner in which cosmopolitan-minded U.S. elites used their own class markers and sense of “distinction” to distance themselves from working-class Americans and populists while defending their own economic interests. Indeed, the boycott sealed the marriage of elite U.S. and Chinese interests, connected by trade and investment, and set against those of the domestic working classes on both sides. Footnote 117 Now you are going to repeat this process with this petal (as you did with the diagonal). However, these new loops will be a lot smaller to give it a flower shape. Continue until you do 3 loops on one side and pull on one of the hanging strings at the end. (This is what the first photo in step 7 depicts). Repeat this on the other side with the remaining 3 petals until you get your little flower! Shangguan began her life under unfortunate circumstances. She was born the year that her grandfather, the chancellor to Emperor Gaozong, was implicated in a political conspiracy against the emperor’s powerful wife, Empress Wu Zetian. After the plot was exposed, the irate empress had the male members of the Shangguan family executed and all the female members enslaved. Nevertheless, after being informed of the 14-year-old Shangguan Wan’er’s exceptional brilliance as a poet and scribe, the empress promptly employed the girl as her personal secretary. Thus began an extraordinary 27-year relationship between China’s only female emperor and the woman whose family she had destroyed.

An example is the double coin knot pattern painting on the T-shape silk banner discovered by archaeologists in Mawangdui tombs (206 BCE – CE 9). [16] The pattern is in the form of intertwined dragons as a double coin knot in the middle of the fabric painting. The upper part of the fabric painting depicts the ancient deities Fuxi and Nüwa, who are also the initiators of marriage in China from whom many ancient poems derive the meaning of "love" for the double coin knot. [5] :10 The certificate mentioned in this section [six] is evidently designed to facilitate proof by Chinese other than laborers … that they are not within the prohibited class. It is not required as a means of restricting their coming. To hold that such was its object would be to impute to congress a purpose to disregard the stipulation of the second article of the new treaty, that they should be “allowed to go and come of their own free will and accord." Footnote 35 Cloth is placed into the dye solution for about 45 minutes, while stirring the dye until it reaches the desired shade. Then the fabric is pulled out of the dye and allowed to dry and oxidize for at least 20 minutes. Meng [孟], Yuanlao [元老]. "Qinding siku quanshu Dongjing Menhua Lu Juan wu" 欽定四庫全書 東亰夢華録巻五. guoxuedashi. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020 . Retrieved 17 July 2020.

a b c d Yang, Yuxin (9 April 2018). "Unveiling and Activating the "Uncertain Heritage" of Chinese Knotting". Issn: 2187-4751 the Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2018: Official Conference Proceedings. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020 . Retrieved 14 July 2020.one who intends to pursue some of the higher branches of study or seeks to be fitted for some particular profession or occupation, (2) for which facilities are not afforded in his own country, (3) for whose support and maintenance in this country provision has been made, and (4) who upon completion of his studies, expects to return to China. Footnote 44 The pattern is stitched into the cloth, using different patterns to create various images, such as butterflies, bees and different kinds of flowers. In Korea, decorative knot work is known as maedeup ( Korean: 매듭), often referred as Korean knotwork or Korean knots in English languages. [5] :16 CHINA TODAY". www.chinatoday.com.cn. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019 . Retrieved 26 September 2023. With so much at stake, concerned Bostonians lost no time aiding the Kings. According to William Phillips, in Boston on home leave at the time, Amory Appleton Lawrence, the textile magnate and president of the Boston Merchants’ Association, stepped forward to help bail them out on the morning following their detention. Footnote 81 Robinson and a Chinese friend Wu Ziyou went to the Ivernia to escort the Kings to the Copley Square Hotel, where they stayed while awaiting transit papers. Footnote 82 Further humiliation awaited the Kings after they landed, however. Kungpah King recalled that the transit certificates arrived in a sealed envelope intended for the Chinese Inspector at Malone, New York, where they planned to exit the country after visiting Niagara Falls. Suspicious, he opened the envelope and discovered to his chagrin that the paperwork listed his occupational status not as “student,” but as “laborer.” Since Boston Immigration Commissioner George Billings had signed the permits, Robinson took King to confront him. Billings, he wrote, admitted they knew full well the Kings’ student identities, as denoted in their documents, and confessed that Schell had knowingly falsely issued the certificates for laborers. Was this an attempt to put the rich “Chinamen” in their place? Billings then took the certificates by force from the Kings, crossed out the word “laborer” and substituted “student.” Footnote 83 This, King considered a further galling affront. Footnote 84

So most teas (especially Green teas) are only harvested once a year in the spring. In most tea-growing areas, tea plants will bud again in the fall, and sometimes tea is made from them. But the teas produced are usually inferior in flavor. Therefore, they sell at lower prices. Why Are Autumn Tea Harvests (Usually) Inferior? T-Shaped Painting on Silk". hnmuseum. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020 . Retrieved 17 July 2020. The Eastern Han (25–220 CE) scholar Zheng Xuan, who annotated the Yi Jing, wrote that: [13] [5] :9 [ clarification needed]Robinson galvanized influential Massachusetts business leaders in writing protest letters to Roosevelt. Following a meeting at the Boston offices of Wellington, Sears and Company, they circulated a petition and sent it to the President on the evening of June 2. Signed by representatives of New England and southern cotton mills and various commission houses, the letter protested the treatment of these “people of culture and refinement,” and warned that “the action of our government in subjecting Chinese noblemen and merchants to the same treatment to which coolies have been subjected” propelled a movement to boycott American goods. Footnote 85 Utilizing the rhetoric of class privilege to assert the rights of the exempt classes, these business leaders took the King case as a platform to urge reform in the execution of the exclusion laws, “in the cause of justice to citizens of a friendly nation, and the interests of our own people.” Footnote 86 Robinson followed with a personal letter to Roosevelt on June 3, protesting the harassment of his guests and lodging a complaint against Schell. Again liberally employing class signifiers to urge recognition of the Kings’ symbolic capital in relation to the threatened boycott, Robinson wrote that the students “are of the highest class in China and are among the wealthiest and most influential in the kingdom … They naturally feel greatly humiliated by the treatment accorded them, and feel strongly inclined to use their influence in China against everything American.” Footnote 87 Robinson furthermore reminded Roosevelt that the reputation of American elites, who had vested interests in protecting U.S. markets in China, was also at stake. Roosevelt, who had been inclining toward a show of force to quell the looming boycott, purportedly expressed indignation at the treatment of these “high-class Chinese,” and immediately referred the case to Victor Metcalf at the Department of Commerce and Labor. Footnote 88 Mair, Victor. "Language Log» Prehistoric notation systems in Peru, with Chinese parallels" . Retrieved 31 July 2023. Patterns are drawn on white paper, then transferred to a plastic sheet by piercing holes in the paper, tracing the lines of the designs onto the plastic sheet.