Life-Span Human Development

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Think about the lifespan and make a list of what you would consider the basic periods of development. There are many theorists that have made, and continue to make, a profound contribution to this area of psychology, amongst whom is Erik Erikson who developed a model of eight stages of psychological development. The way the authors presented developmental psychology, I also think it brings up some important challenges to the conventional abnormal psychology approach, and abnormal psychology would do well to be more informed by developmental psychology (e. A toddler’s fierce determination to do something may give way to a four-year-old’s sense of guilt for doing something that brings the disapproval of others.

With this type of development, the change is more sudden, such as an infant’s ability to demonstrate awareness of object permanence (which is a cognitive skill that develops toward the end of infancy, according to Piaget’s cognitive theory—more on that theory in the next module). Our unique experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are expressed, and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our environment (Diamond, 2009; Lobo, 2008). Death and dying will be the topic of our last module, though it is not necessarily a stage of development that occurs at a particular age.In this section, we’ll learn about development through the lifespan perspective, which emphasizes the multidimensional, interconnected, and ever-changing influences on development. He believed that all behaviors are learned, or conditioned, as evidenced by his famous “Little Albert” study, in which he conditioned an infant to fear a white rat. The list of the periods of development reflects unique aspects of the various stages of childhood and adulthood that will be explored in this book, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. One of the best ways to gain perspective on our own lives is to compare our experiences with those of others.

Baltes’ lifespan perspective emphasizes that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary. Culture is an extremely important context for human development and understanding development requires being able to identify which features of development are culturally based. In comparison to the control group, who received no training and showed no significant change in memory function, the experimental training group displayed a marked enhancement in memory that was sustained at the 3-month follow-up period.It's unusual for me to read or review a textbook, but as my goal is to read 52 books a year, and I started college this year, I felt like I should include them on my list here in Goodreads. Think of ways your own development fits in with each of these concepts as you read about the terms in more detail.

New roles and responsibilities are explored, which may involve dating, driving, taking on a part-time job, and planning for future academics. As you may have already noticed, physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development are often interrelated, as with the example of brain development. A person negotiates biological and sociocultural influences as they move through eight stages, each characterized by a psychosocial crisis: trust vs.

Peers become more important, as teens strive for a sense of belonging and acceptance; mixed-sex peer groups become more common.

The current view reflects the possibility that specific changes in development can occur later in life, without having been established at birth. As you can see, our development is influenced by multiple contexts, so the timing of basic motor functions may vary across cultures. Some cohort labels popularized in the media for generations in the United States include Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z. Baltes identified three types of influences that operate throughout the life course: normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences, and nonnormative influences. The type of parenting the child receives has a very powerful impact on the child’s personality development.This training program focused intensively on aural language reception accuracy and cognitively demanding exercises that have been proven to partially reverse the age-related losses in memory. For example, the religious teachings and traditions of a family may create a climate that makes the family feel stigmatized and this indirectly impacts the child’s view of themselves and others.